Rozpoznawanie białaczki u psów i kotów

Diagnosis of leukemia in dogs and cats

Leukemia can be divided broadly into lymphoproliferative or myeloproliferative disorders, and then subdivided into acute or chronic forms. Lymphoproliferative diseases are more common in our veterinary species. Classification schemes for canine and feline leukemia are patterned after those developed for human medicine, which have undergone significant revisions in recent years. Since the development of molecular tools, research has shown that presence or absence of specific genetic abnormalities predicts biologic behavior better than more traditional morphologic or phenotypic criteria. Thus most human leukemia is now defined based on cytogenetic analysis. Similar methods are now being used to investigate leukemia in veterinary species, and we can expect changes to our classification schemes to occur in the future based on results from those studies.

Classification of myeloproliferative disorders

Acute myeloid leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) includes neoplastic proliferations of granulocytic, monocytic, erythroid, and megakaryocytic lineages. Differentiation of AML from myelodysplastic syndrome and chronic myeloid leukemia is based, in part, on the blast percentage in bone marrow or blood (Fig. 1-2). In animals, classification of AML largely follows the recommendations made by the Animal Leukemia Study Group in 1991, with some revisions. Until recently the threshold for blast percentages in bone marrow was considered 30%; i.e. there must be > 30% blasts present for diagnosis [...]

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