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Amantadine

Amantadine is an antiviral drug that was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1964 for the treatment of Influenza virus A in adult humans. Since that time, a variety of uses for amantadine have surfaced, including use for reduction of symptoms of Parkinson’s disease and control of some pain syndromes. Pain relief is mediated by antagonism of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, an action which retards the development of central sensitization but does not provide direct analgesia. In humans, the drug is well absorbed and widely distributed following oral administration. Elimination is primarily by renal clearance of unchanged drug. The pharmacokinetics of amantadine have been described in the horse but not in other veterinary species.

In the horse, the pharmacokinetic report was in reference to the drug being used to treat equine influenza. In humans, the NMDA-receptor antagonists are being extensively researched and have been used for treatment of acute, chronic and “specialized” (eg, neuropathic and phantom limb) pain conditions, as well as for relief of symptoms of Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease. Newer NMDA-receptor antagonists (eg, memantine) are available in human medicine. The role of amantadine in pain management has been reported in dogs by Lascelles et al (2008). Effective pain control was achieved when amantadine was combined with an NSAID and dosed at 5 mg/kg bw orally for 21 days. A recent literature search yielded no other veterinary publications describing the [...]

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