Jak leczę… złamania wewnątrzstawowe. Cz. II

Femoral head (epiphysis and physis)

The blood supply in this area in young animals, specially coming from femoral circumflex arteries is very labile, and delayed or very aggressive surgeries may impact negatively on the femoral head leading to avascular necrosis.

The epiphysis fracture (in spite of being rare) is more difficult to repair due to the small margin of anchoring of implants to the detached fragment. For both fractures, the recommended method of fixation is crossed and divergent pins, although repair with screws is also reported for animals over 6-months old.

Femoral condyles

Femoral condyles harbor two joint surfaces of two different joints: femorotibial joint, this is, the joint between the condyles and the tibia plateau, and the femoropatellar joint, this is, the joint between the femoral trochlea and the patella, which is next described.

Fractures of femoral condyles are very common in dogs and cats. The typical condylar or supracondylar fracture does not involve any of the joint surfaces. Only „L” or „T” fractures or their variations (33-C1, C2 and C3 type fractures in the AO/ASIFclassification system) penetrate into the joint. These types of fractures are not so common, and only occur in 17% of all cases of condylar fractures(4).

A special and even rarer case of intra-articular [...]

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