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General principles of intra-articular fractures surgery

Principles of IF repair are quite strict, and it is essential to understand and assume them before proceeding to this type of surgery. Otherwise, the case should be referred to a specialist.

Perfect anatomic reconstruction

The anatomic reconstruction of fracture lines is imperative in IF. Each of the fragments should re-replaced and secured avoiding discontinuities or „gaps”. It must be taken into account that any reconstruction defect in the articular cartilage may favor the development of osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis is the main long-term complication of an IF with suboptimal reduction. Sometimes, the trauma itself „pulverizes” small fragments of articular cartilage, so that even fitting all these fragments, small gaps are left among them. These spaces (if smaller than 1 mm) will be filled over the healing process with fibrocartilaginous tissue that will serve as articular cartilage, and therefore will not have severe consequences.

Atraumatic handling of fragments and tissues

The most intra-articular fragments contain articular cartilage or open epiphyseal lines, with very labile vasculature, and therefore the atraumatic handling will preserve the blood supply and the cartilage integrity, especially in growing animals. Therefore, in the recent years minimally invasive techniques have been developed to solve this characteristic problem of IF (see „New tendencies [...]

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