Leczenie złamań kości promieniowej i kości łokciowej u psów rasowych przy użyciu okólnego zewnętrznego mocowania szkieletowego – badanie retrospektywne

Radiographic and clinical evaluation

Medio-lateral and cranio-caudal postoper-ative radiographic images were evaluated for fracture reduction and limb alignment. Fracture reduction was judged based on translation, overlap, and gap between bone segments.

Translational malalignment, either as mediolateral or craniocaudal displacement, of the distal bone segment relative to the proximal bone segment, was determined as a ratio between the maximal displacement and the width of the diaphysis. Percentages were grouped as < 10%, 10 to 25%, 26 to 50%, 51 to 75%, and 76 to 100%. Overlap and fracture gap measurements between the major proximal and distal segments were recorded in millimetres.

Frontal and sagittal alignment were de-termined using the centre of rotation and angulation (CORA) method (11). In the frontal plane, elbow and carpal reference lines were drawn. Intersecting anatomical axis and joint orientation lines yielded the medial proximal radial angle (MPRA) and lateral distal radial angle (LDRA). The absolute difference between the MPRA and LDRA was determined, yielding the angle of frontal plane alignment (FPA). In the sagittal plane, elbow and carpal reference lines were drawn. Because the canine radius has natural procurvatum, the anatomical axis was resolved into two separate straight middiaphyseal lines, one for the proximal radius and one for the distal radius. The joint orientation angles of both elbow and carpus were determined, respectively, by measuring the angles from intersecting anatomical axes and joint [...]

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